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More in Replication
What is SQL Server replication, and what problem does it help solve? What are the three main types of replication in SQL Server, and how do they differ? What roles do the publisher, distributor, and subscriber play in a transactional replication setup? What steps are involved in setting up transactional replication for the first time between a publisher and a new subscriber? How would you troubleshoot a transactional replication setup where a subscriber has stopped receiving new changes entirely? How does replication compare to Always On Availability Groups for keeping data synchronized across multiple servers, and when would you choose one over the other?
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SQL Server › Replication

How do you monitor the health and latency of a transactional replication setup to ensure subscribers are staying reasonably up to date?

Intermediate

Answer

You can use Replication Monitor, a built-in graphical tool in SQL Server Management Studio, which shows the current status of each publication and subscription, including how much latency exists between when a change happens at the publisher and when it is applied at the subscriber, helping you quickly spot replication delays or failures.
-- Replication Monitor is accessed through SSMS
-- under Replication > Launch Replication Monitor
Real-world example A database administrator uses Replication Monitor to notice a subscriber has fallen significantly behind the publisher, investigating and discovering a network issue that was slowing down the delivery of replicated changes.

Common follow-ups: What typical latency is considered acceptable for transactional replication?;What actions can you take if a subscriber falls too far behind?

Query Optimization & Plans;SQL Server Agent & Job Scheduling
All 7 Replication questions