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What is Symfony, and what makes it a popular choice for building both full web applications and reusable PHP components? What is Symfony's service container, and how does dependency injection work within a typical Symfony application? How does Doctrine ORM integrate with Symfony to let you work with database records as PHP objects, and what role do entities play in this? What are Symfony events and event listeners, and how do they let different parts of an application react to something happening without tightly coupling that logic together? How does Symfony's security component handle authentication and authorization, including the concept of voters for fine grained access control decisions? How does Symfony's caching and configuration compilation process contribute to strong production performance, and what needs to happen when deploying an updated version of a Symfony application?
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How does Symfony's routing system let you map URLs to controller actions, and what are the different ways routes can be defined?

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Answer

Symfony's routing system maps an incoming URL and HTTP method to a specific controller method responsible for handling it, and routes can be defined in several different ways depending on team preference, including using PHP attributes placed directly above a controller method, a separate YAML configuration file, or an XML configuration file, with attribute based routing being a particularly popular modern approach since it keeps the route definition visually close to the actual code that handles it.
#[Route('/products/{id}', name: 'product_show', methods: ['GET'])]
public function show(int $id): Response
{
    // handle the request
}
Real-world example A Symfony application defines each controller's route directly above its corresponding method using attributes, making it immediately obvious which URL pattern triggers which specific piece of code without needing to check a separate routing configuration file.

Common follow-ups: What is a route parameter, and how are route parameters passed into a controller method?;How does Symfony handle generating a URL from a named route rather than hardcoding it?

Routing & Middleware;MVC Architecture in PHP
All 7 Symfony Framework Essentials questions