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What is routing in a PHP web application, and how does a router determine which piece of code should handle a specific incoming request? What is middleware in the context of a web application, and how does it let you run logic before or after a request is handled by its intended route? How does a middleware pipeline execute multiple middleware in sequence, and how does the concept of calling the next middleware let each one decide whether to continue processing the request? How do route parameters and route constraints let you capture dynamic segments of a URL while also restricting what values are actually considered a valid match? How does middleware priority and ordering affect application behavior when multiple middleware, such as authentication and rate limiting, are applied to the same route together? How can a custom routing system be designed to support efficient route matching performance even as an application grows to have hundreds or thousands of defined routes?
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How can route groups let you apply shared configuration, such as a common URL prefix or a set of middleware, to several related routes at once?

Intermediate

Answer

A route group lets you wrap several related route definitions together, applying shared configuration such as a common URL prefix, a specific middleware that should run for every route within that group, or a shared namespace, all in one place, which significantly reduces repetitive configuration compared to individually specifying the same prefix or middleware on every single related route separately.
Route::prefix('admin')->middleware('auth')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/dashboard', [AdminController::class, 'dashboard']);
    Route::get('/users', [AdminController::class, 'users']);
});
Real-world example An application groups all of its admin panel routes together under a shared slash admin prefix and a shared authentication middleware, ensuring every single admin route automatically requires login without needing to repeat that configuration for each individual route.

Common follow-ups: Can route groups be nested within other route groups?;How do multiple middleware specified on the same group combine together?

Security;MVC Architecture in PHP
All 7 Routing & Middleware questions