How does inheritance work in PHP using the extends keyword, and how do you call a parent class's constructor or method from within a child class?

The extends keyword lets a child class inherit the properties and methods of a parent class, automatically gaining access to everything the parent defines as public or protected, and you can explicitly call a parent class's constructor or a specific overridden method using the parent keyword followed by the scope resolution operator, which is commonly used when a child class needs to extend rather than completely replace its parent's behavior.

class Vehicle {
    public function __construct(protected string $brand) {}
}
class Car extends Vehicle {
    public function __construct(string $brand, private int $doors) {
        parent::__construct($brand);
    }
}