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What is Turbopack, and how does it improve the Next.js development experience? What should you do if a specific loader or plugin your project relies on is not yet fully supported by Turbopack? How would you measure and compare build performance before and after adopting Turbopack for a large existing Next.js project? What broader build performance optimizations, beyond just switching bundlers, can help speed up a large Next.js project's build times?
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How does Turbopack achieve faster build and refresh times compared to older bundling tools?

Intermediate

Answer

Turbopack uses an incremental computation approach, caching the results of previous work at a very fine grained level, so when you change a single file, it only reprocesses that file and the specific parts of your application affected by the change, rather than rebuilding the entire application from scratch.
// Turbopack caches function-level and module-level results
// so only changed code paths are recomputed on save
Real-world example A team working on a large e-commerce site notices that saving a small change to a single component reflects in their browser almost instantly, thanks to Turbopack only reprocessing what actually changed.

Common follow-ups: What programming language is Turbopack itself written in?;How does this incremental approach compare to how Webpack handles rebuilds?

Bundle Analysis & Code Splitting;Next.js Project Setup & Configuration
All 5 Turbopack & Build Performance questions