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How would you set up a testing strategy that balances unit, integration, and end to end tests for a large Next.js application?

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Answer

You would write many fast unit tests for individual functions and small components since they run quickly and catch issues early, a moderate number of integration tests for important feature combinations like forms and their validation, and a smaller number of end to end tests focused on your most critical user journeys, since those are slower and more expensive to maintain.
// Testing pyramid approach
// Many unit tests (fast, cheap)
// Some integration tests (moderate)
// Few end to end tests (slow, but high confidence)
Real-world example An e-commerce company writes hundreds of fast unit tests for their utility functions, dozens of integration tests for their forms, and only a handful of end to end tests covering their most critical checkout and signup flows.

Common follow-ups: What is the testing pyramid, and why is it a useful mental model?;How do you decide which specific user journeys deserve end to end test coverage?