All 7 Firebase Authentication in Flutter questions
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How do you listen for authentication state changes in Firebase Authentication, letting your Flutter app automatically know whenever a user actually signs in or signs out? How do you properly implement Google sign in specifically within a Flutter app, and what additional setup steps beyond simply configuring Firebase itself does this particular sign in method actually require? How do you properly implement email verification and password reset functionality using Firebase Authentication's built in features? How does Firebase Authentication integrate together with Firestore security rules to properly control exactly which specific data a given authenticated user is actually allowed to access? How does linking multiple different authentication providers to a single Firebase user account work, letting a user sign in using either Google or email and password while still resolving to the exact same underlying account? How can custom claims in Firebase Authentication be used to implement role based access control, such as distinguishing between a regular user and an administrator within your app?
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Flutter › Firebase Authentication in Flutter

What is Firebase Authentication, and what different sign in methods does it support out of the box for a Flutter app?

Beginner

Answer

Firebase Authentication is a fully managed authentication service that handles the significant complexity of securely signing users up, logging them in, and managing their entire account session for you, supporting a wide range of built in sign in methods out of the box, including traditional email and password login, popular social sign in options such as Google, Apple, and Facebook, and phone number based verification using a one time text message code, letting a Flutter app add a genuinely robust, secure authentication system without needing to build and maintain an entirely custom authentication backend from scratch.
final credential = await FirebaseAuth.instance.signInWithEmailAndPassword(
  email: email,
  password: password,
);
Real-world example A new startup adds email and password login along with Google sign in to their Flutter app using Firebase Authentication, launching a fully functional and genuinely secure login system within just a single day, rather than needing to build an entire custom authentication backend themselves.

Common follow-ups: How does Firebase Authentication actually store and protect user passwords?;What is the difference between Firebase Authentication and building your own fully custom authentication backend?

Cloud Firestore & Firebase Storage;Flutter App Security Best Practices
All 7 Firebase Authentication in Flutter questions