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What is the purpose of global exception handling middleware in an ASP.NET Core application? What happens by default in ASP.NET Core if you don't configure any global exception handling middleware at all? How does the IExceptionHandler interface (introduced in .NET 8) provide a more structured alternative to the UseExceptionHandler lambda approach? How do you map different exception types to different HTTP status codes in a global exception handler? What is the difference between handling exceptions with middleware versus using try/catch blocks directly in controller actions? How should a global exception handler differentiate between exceptions that should return specific client-facing details versus exceptions that should always show a generic message? What is the role of the [ApiController] attribute in automatically handling certain error scenarios without explicit exception handling code? How do you write an integration test verifying that your global exception handler produces the correct error response shape? What is ProblemDetails (RFC 7807/9457), and how does ASP.NET Core support it for standardized error responses? What information should be excluded from error responses in production to avoid leaking sensitive implementation details?
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How do you handle exceptions specifically within minimal API endpoints, given they don't use the traditional MVC exception filter pipeline?

Intermediate

Answer

Minimal APIs don't support MVC-style [ExceptionFilter] attributes, instead relying on the same pipeline-level exception handling middleware (UseExceptionHandler / IExceptionHandler) that applies globally across the whole application including minimal API endpoints, or using endpoint filters (IEndpointFilter) to wrap specific endpoints with custom try/catch logic for endpoint-specific exception handling needs beyond the global handler.
app.MapGet("/products/{id}", (int id, IProductService service) => {
    var product = service.GetById(id) ?? throw new NotFoundException($"Product {id} not found");
    return Results.Ok(product);
});
// Relies on global UseExceptionHandler/IExceptionHandler to catch NotFoundException
// and convert it to a proper 404 response, since there's no MVC filter pipeline here
Real-world example A minimal API project relies entirely on global exception handling middleware for consistent error responses across all its endpoints, since there's no per-action exception filter attribute mechanism available like there would be in a traditional MVC controller-based API.

Common follow-ups: How do endpoint filters provide finer-grained exception handling than the global handler?;What's the migration path for exception filter logic when moving from MVC controllers to minimal APIs?

RESTful Web APIs & Controllers;ASP.NET Core Middleware & Request Pipeline
All 15 Global Exception Handling & Middleware questions