Answer
Use Appium (cross-platform UI automation) or platform tools to drive the running app, asserting on visible elements via automation IDs. Set AutomationId on controls for stable selectors. For device-hosted unit tests, MAUI supports a device test runner. UI tests are slower and more brittle, so cover critical flows and keep most logic in fast unit tests.
<Button Text="Login" AutomationId="LoginButton" />
// Appium: driver.FindElement(MobileBy.AccessibilityId("LoginButton")).Click();Real-world example A smoke suite runs the login-to-dashboard flow on real devices nightly via Appium, catching integration regressions.