Answer
The global namespace is the outermost scope, containing names not placed in any namespace. You refer to a global name explicitly with a leading :: (e.g., ::func), which is useful to disambiguate from a same-named name in the current namespace. Minimizing what lives in the global namespace reduces collisions.
::printf("hi"); // global-scope function explicitlyReal-world example A leading :: disambiguates the global ::size from a member or namespace-scoped size.