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What is the capture list in a lambda? Where are lambdas most commonly used? Can a lambda be recursive? What is the difference between capturing by value and by reference? What is a mutable lambda? How do you specify a lambda's return type? What is std::function and how does it relate to lambdas? What is an immediately invoked lambda expression (IILE) and why use it? What is a generic (template) lambda? How are lambdas implemented under the hood?
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What is a lambda expression in C++?

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Answer

A lambda expression is an anonymous function object defined inline, introduced in C++11. It has the form [captures](params){ body } and can be stored, passed to algorithms, or called immediately. The compiler generates a unique closure type with an operator() containing the body.
auto add = [](int a, int b) { return a + b; };
int r = add(2, 3);  // 5
Real-world example A lambda is passed to std::sort to define a custom comparison inline instead of a named function.

Common follow-ups: What is the closure type? | Where are lambdas commonly used?

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All 12 Lambda Expressions questions