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What is Amazon Aurora, and how does it differ from standard RDS MySQL or PostgreSQL in terms of performance and architecture?

Intermediate

Answer

Amazon Aurora is a MySQL and PostgreSQL compatible database engine built specifically for the cloud, offering significantly higher throughput than standard RDS MySQL or PostgreSQL through its distributed, fault tolerant storage architecture that automatically replicates data six ways across three Availability Zones, along with features like extremely fast storage based replica promotion and Aurora Serverless, which automatically scales database capacity up and down based on actual demand.
aws rds create-db-cluster --db-cluster-identifier my-aurora-cluster --engine aurora-postgresql --master-username admin --master-user-password MyPassword123
Real-world example A company migrating a performance critical application from standard RDS PostgreSQL to Aurora PostgreSQL observes significantly improved query throughput without needing to make any changes to their application code, since Aurora maintains compatibility with standard PostgreSQL.

Common follow-ups: How does Aurora pricing compare to standard RDS pricing for a similar workload?;What is Aurora Serverless and when is it a good fit compared to provisioned Aurora?