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What is the difference between an Elastic Beanstalk application and an environment? How does Elastic Beanstalk handle application updates and deployment policies such as rolling and immutable deployments? How does Elastic Beanstalk use configuration files, commonly called ebextensions, to customize the underlying environment? How does Elastic Beanstalk support blue green deployments using environment swapping? When should a team choose Elastic Beanstalk versus more granular services like ECS, EKS, or manually managed EC2 for deploying an application?
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How does Elastic Beanstalk's underlying use of CloudFormation give advanced users more control over the resources it creates?

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Answer

Behind the scenes, Elastic Beanstalk uses AWS CloudFormation to actually provision and manage all of the underlying resources in an environment, and advanced users can directly customize the generated CloudFormation resources using configuration options, or even reference their own separate CloudFormation resources from within an ebextensions file, giving experienced teams a way to extend Elastic Beanstalk's simplicity with custom infrastructure needs beyond what the platform exposes through its own configuration options alone.
# .ebextensions/02_resources.config
Resources:
  MyCustomQueue:
    Type: AWS::SQS::Queue
Real-world example An experienced team uses an ebextensions configuration file to define a custom SQS queue as an additional CloudFormation resource directly within their Elastic Beanstalk environment, extending the platform beyond its standard built in capabilities.

Common follow-ups: How do you view the actual CloudFormation stack that Elastic Beanstalk creates behind the scenes?;What happens to custom CloudFormation resources if the Elastic Beanstalk environment is terminated?

IaC (CloudFormation);EC2 & Compute
All 7 AWS Elastic Beanstalk questions