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What is a shard in Kinesis Data Streams, and how does it affect throughput?

Intermediate

Answer

A shard is the base unit of capacity in a Kinesis Data Stream, with each shard supporting up to one megabyte per second of write throughput and up to two megabytes per second of read throughput, meaning the total throughput capacity of your stream scales directly with the number of shards you provision, and you can increase or decrease this number as your data volume changes.
aws kinesis update-shard-count --stream-name my-stream --target-shard-count 4 --scaling-type UNIFORM_SCALING
Real-world example A streaming analytics platform increases the shard count of its Kinesis stream from two to eight during a product launch event to handle the expected surge in incoming event volume, then scales back down afterward.

Common follow-ups: How is data distributed across shards within a stream?;What happens if a stream receives more traffic than its shards can handle?