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What performance modes and throughput modes are available in EFS, and how do you choose between them?

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Answer

EFS offers General Purpose performance mode for most workloads requiring the lowest latency, and Max I/O performance mode for highly parallelized workloads that can tolerate slightly higher latency in exchange for higher aggregate throughput, while throughput modes include Bursting, which scales with the amount of data stored, and Provisioned, which lets you specify a fixed throughput level independent of storage size for consistently high throughput needs.
aws efs create-file-system --performance-mode generalPurpose --throughput-mode provisioned --provisioned-throughput-in-mibps 100
Real-world example A big data analytics workload running on hundreds of parallel worker nodes chooses Max I/O performance mode combined with Provisioned throughput, ensuring consistent high throughput regardless of how much data is currently stored.

Common follow-ups: When should you choose Max I/O over General Purpose performance mode?;How does Provisioned throughput pricing compare to Bursting throughput?

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All 7 Amazon EFS (Elastic File System) questions