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What is the difference between analytical procedures and tests of details in simple terms?

Beginner

Answer

Analytical procedures assess whether a number looks reasonable by comparing it to an expectation built from relationships and trends. Tests of details examine the actual underlying items and documents. Analytics ask 'does this total make sense?'; tests of details ask 'is this specific item correct?'. Auditors combine both for adequate assurance.
Real-world example The auditor first checks whether total payroll moves sensibly with headcount (analytics), then vouches individual payments (details).

Common follow-ups: Which approach examines individual items? | Why combine the two?