Auditing & Assurance › Analytical Procedures

How do you develop an expectation for analytical procedures?

Intermediate

Answer

Build the expectation from reliable, independent data and known relationships—prior-period results adjusted for known changes, budgets tested for reasonableness, non-financial data (units, headcount, floor space), and industry trends. The more precise and independent the expectation, the more effective the procedure at detecting misstatement.
Real-world example Expected revenue is built from units sold times average price, using operational data independent of the accounting records.

Common follow-ups: Why use non-financial data? | Why must the expectation be independent?